Bull Terrier arose from the
"Bull and Terrier" crosses, originally bred for dog-fighting. When
bullbaiting was outlawed in England in 1835 the "sport" of dog-fighting
became popular and a smaller dog breed was needed, that could be more
easily hidden under one's coat at the arrivalof the police.These dogs also had to be more agile and light as the dog fights
usually lasted longer than bull fights. This new type of fighting dog
was created by crossing the olde type bulldog with different Terriers,
among which the Manchester Terrier (or Black and Tan Terrier) - before
it was dwarfed down - .This Bull and Terrier cross combined the alertness and agility of the
Terrier with the power, tenacity and high treshold of pain of the
Bulldog.
It got the reputation of a 'canine gladiator' which would fight to
the death to please his master. It was much leggier than the Bull
Terrier we know today and its head more closely resembled that of the
early Bulldog.
In the early 1850, James Hinks, of Birmingham, England, first
standardized the breed by selectively breeding the old type Bull
Terrier with other breeds, including the White English Terrier (now
extinct), to obtain a longer head and a more symmetrical body and get
rid of the bowed legs, The result was an all white Bull Terrier with a
cleaner outline, tight shoulders and well bent stifles. For his entire life James Hinks only bred white dogs, which he called
'Bull Terrier', in order to definitely distinguish them from the
Bull-and-Terrier which was very similar to today's Staffordshire Bull
Terrier. The breed was first designated as the "Hinks Breed" and was
also referred to as "The White Cavalier", as he was bred to defend
himself and his human family but not to instigate hostiliy.
Which other breeds were further crossed along the generations to obtain
the modern Bull Terrier with the unique egg-shaped head is still a
matter of conjecture.
Most sources agree that Dalmatian blood was infused to confer the
breed a more elegant look and gait and longer legs. Some authorities
believe the Spanish Pointer, Greyhound, Foxhound and/or Whippet were
crossed along the lines. Borzoi and Collie may also have been crossed
into the gene pool to elongate the head even more and to arrive at a
type of dog with a stop ever less marked.Until 1895, when cropping was outlawed, the ears of the Bull
Terriers were cut as closely as possible, so that they would not be
torn by the dog's opponent during the fight. From that date on ear
cropping became prohibited and breeders sought to breed exemplars whose
ears were in harmony with the rest of their body. The breed suffered a
setback while breeders attempted to obtain the required upright ears
without losing other qualities.
In
1917, the first modern Bull Terrier, Lord Gladiator, was born. It was
the first dog with a skull profile completely lacking a stop.